ʻŌlelo hoʻohaʻahaʻa

(1) .Plastic ban

Ma Kina,

Ma ka makahiki 2022, e hoʻemi nui ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā huahana plastic disposable, e hoʻolaha ʻia nā huahana ʻē aʻe, a e hoʻonui nui ʻia ka hapa o ka ʻōpala palaka i hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā kumuwaiwai a me ka ikehu.

Ma ka makahiki 2025, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻokele no ka hana ʻana, ka hoʻolaha ʻana, ka hoʻohana ʻana, ka hana hou ʻana a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā huahana plastik, e hoʻemi nui ʻia ka nui o nā ʻōpala palaka i nā ʻāina i nā kūlanakauhale nui, a e hoʻomalu pono ʻia ka pollution plastic.

I Kina–Ma ʻApelila 10, 2020, ua hoʻomaka ka ʻāina ʻo Heilongjiang e noi i nā manaʻo e pili ana i ke kūlana hoʻohālikelike o nā ʻōpala hale o ke kūlanakauhale.

Ma luna o A

1. Hoʻohaʻahaʻa

Hoʻopilikia ʻia e nā kūlana kaiapuni, ma hope o kekahi manawa a pili i hoʻokahi a ʻoi aʻe paha nā ʻanuʻu, e hoʻololi nui ka hale a me ka nalowale o ka hana (e like me ka kūpaʻa, ka nui o ka molekala pili, ka hale a i ʻole ka ikaika mechanical).

2.Biodegradation

ʻO ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia e nā hana olaola, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hana o nā enzymes, e hoʻololi nui i ke ʻano kemika o nā mea.

ʻOiai e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka mea e nā microorganisms a i ʻole kekahi mau mea ola ma ke ʻano he kumu meaʻai, hopena ia i ka nalowale o ka maikaʻi, ka hana, e like me ka emi ʻana o ka hana kino, a i ka hopena e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka mea i loko o nā pūhui maʻalahi a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea, e like me ka carbon dioxide (CO2). ) aiʻole/a me ka methane (CH4), ka wai (H2O) a me nā paʻakai inorganic mineralized o nā mea i loko, a me ka biomass hou.

3. ʻO ka hope loa aerobic biodegradation

Ma lalo o nā kūlana aerobic, hoʻopau hope ʻia ka mea e nā microorganism i carbon dioxide (CO2), ka wai (H2O) a me nā paʻakai inorganic mineralized o nā mea i loko, a me nā biomass hou.

4.Ultimate anaerobic biodegradation

Ma lalo o nā kūlana anoxic, hoʻopau hope ʻia ka mea e nā microorganism i carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), wai (H2O) a me nā paʻakai inorganic mineralized o nā mea i loko a me ka biomass hou.

5.Ka lāʻau lapaʻau lāʻau hiki-ka lāʻau lapaʻau (biological treatability)

ʻO ka hiki ke hoʻopuehu ʻia ma lalo o ke ʻano aerobic a i ʻole ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana o ke kino ma lalo o nā kūlana anaerobic.

6. Deterioration-deterioration (deterioration)

ʻO kahi hoʻololi mau i ka nalowale o nā waiwai kino i hōʻike ʻia e nā plastics ma muli o ka pōʻino o kekahi mau hale.

7. Hoʻokaʻawale

Nahā kino ka mea i nā ʻāpana maikaʻi loa.

8. Puka (comest)

Mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa lepo organik i loaʻa mai ka decomposition biological o ka hui ʻana. Hoʻohui nui ʻia ka hui ʻana me nā koena mea kanu, a i kekahi manawa aia kekahi mau mea olaola a me kekahi mau mea anorganic.

9. Hoʻopuehu

He ala lapaʻau aerobic e hana i ka compost.

10.Compostability-compostability

ʻO ka hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka biodegraded i ka wā o ka hana compost.

Inā hōʻike ʻia ka hiki ʻana o ka compost, pono e ʻōlelo ʻia he biodegradable a hemo ka mea i loko o ka ʻōnaehana compost (e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano hoʻāʻo maʻamau), a hiki loa i ka biodegradable i ka hoʻohana hope ʻana o ka compost. Pono ka compost e hoʻokō i nā kūlana kūpono kūpono, e like me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ʻaʻohe mea ʻawaʻawa, a ʻaʻohe koena i ʻike ʻia.

11. Hiki ke ho'oha'aha'a (degradable plastic)

Ma lalo o nā kūlana kaiapuni i kuhikuhi ʻia, ma hope o kahi manawa a loaʻa i hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha nā ʻanuʻu, ua hoʻololi nui ʻia ke ʻano kemika o ka mea a ua nalowale kekahi mau waiwai (e like me ka pono, molecular mass, structure or mechanical strength) a nalowale a/a i ka plastic. ua haki. Pono e hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano hoʻāʻo maʻamau e hiki ke hōʻike i nā loli i ka hana no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana, a pono e hoʻoholo ʻia ka māhele e like me ke ʻano degradation a me ka hoʻohana ʻana.

E ʻike i nā plastic biodegradable; nā mea i hoʻopili ʻia; nā mea hoʻoheheʻe thermo-degradable; nā mea ʻilika hiki ke hoʻomāmā.

12. Biodegradable plastik (biodegradable plastic)

Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe e like me ka lepo a/a i ka lepo one, a/a i ʻole nā ​​kūlana kikoʻī e like me nā kūlana compost a i ʻole nā ​​kūlana anaerobic digestion a i ʻole i loko o nā wai moʻomeheu aqueous, hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ma muli o ka hana a nā microorganism i loko o ke ʻano, a hope loa e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia i carbon dioxide ( CO2) a i ʻole methane (CH4), wai (H2O) a me nā paʻakai anorganic mineralized o nā mea i loaʻa i loko, a me nā plastic biomass hou. 

E nānā: Nā Pīkī Hoʻohaʻahaʻa.

13. Heat- a/a i ole oxide-degradable plastic (heat- a/a ole oxide- degradable plastic plastic)

ʻO nā plastik i hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ma muli o ka wela a/a i ʻole ka oxidation.

E nānā: Nā Pīkī Hoʻohaʻahaʻa.

14. Pepa paʻi paʻi kiʻi (photo-degradable plastic sheet)

ʻO nā plastik i hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia e ka hana o ka lā maoli.

E nānā: Nā Pīkī Hoʻohaʻahaʻa.

15. hiki ke hoʻopuehu ʻia

A plastic i hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa a disintegrated ma lalo o ka composting kūlana ma muli o ka biological reaction kaʻina, a hope loa decomposed i carbon dioxide (CO2), ka wai (H2O) a me mineralized inorganic paʻakai o nā mea i loko, a me ka hou Biomass, a ʻo ka ʻike metala kaumaha, ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i nā mea ʻawaʻawa, nā ʻōpala i koe, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe o ka compost hope pono e hoʻokō i nā koi o nā kūlana kūpono.